Indicators at constant values of the statement of financial position and the income statement: Analysis from hypothetical figures in an inflationary environment / 54-71
Doctor in Management Sciences, Magister Scientiarum in Tax Management, Graduate in Public Accounting, University Professor and Researcher in Accounting, Tax and Administrative Sciences
Financial statements represent for companies a fundamental means of communicating their financial situation, their cash flows and their performance, over an economic period. The information presented in the financial statements is used by different users for decision-making; however, in inflationary economies, in order for it to be useful, it must be updated through restatement methods; in addition, the appropriate analysis tools must be used, such as financial indicators in inflation applied on restated figures. The purpose of this research is focused on the study of indicators at constant values of the statement of financial position and the statement of the income statement. The study was descriptive - documentary type with bibliographic design, based on the main theories on re-expression of financial statements and indicators in inflation, and using hypothetical information from financial statements of an unreal company, created only for the purposes of this research; analyzed under the documentary observation technique. The results show that for the statement of financial position, indicators such as: monetary exposure, inflation hedge, net inflation hedge, equity hedge and hedge with respect to third parties are calculated; and, on the other hand, for the income statement, the following are calculated: non-monetary liability vs. Equity, monetary result ratio vs. net sales, monetary result vs. gross margin, monetary result ratio vs. result in operations and monetary result ratio vs. net result. It is concluded that financial indicators at constant values should also be applied, as well as indicators at current values, in order to have real data in inflationary environments, which facilitate the decision-making process.
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